Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (British Prince)

Also known as: Philip Mountbatten, Philip, Prince of Greece and Denmark, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Merioneth and Baron Greenwich

Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (born June 10, 1921, Corfu, Greece—died April 9, 2021, Windsor Castle, England) was the husband of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom.

Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

In full: Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Merioneth and Baron Greenwich

Also called: Philip Mountbatten

Original name: Philip, Prince of Greece and Denmark

Born: June 10, 1921, Corfu, Greece

Died: April 9, 2021, Windsor Castle, England (aged 99)

House/Dynasty: House of Windsor

Notable Family Members: Spouse Elizabeth II • Daughter Anne, the Princess Royal • Son Charles III • Son Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex • Son Prince Andrew, Duke of York

Prince Phillip with his beloved wife, Queen Elizabeth II. © Chris Jackson/Pinterest

Philip’s father was Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark (1882–1944), a younger son of King George I of the Hellenes (originally Prince William of Denmark). His mother was Princess Alice (1885–1969), who was the eldest daughter of Louis Alexander Mountbatten, 1st marquess of Milford Haven, and Princess Victoria of Hesse and the Rhine, granddaughter of Queen Victoria. Reared chiefly in Great Britain, Philip was educated at Gordonstoun School, near Elgin, Moray, and at the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, Devon, England. From January 1940 to the end of World War II, he served with the Royal Navy in combat in the mediterranean and the Pacific.

Prince Philip, duke of Edinburgh (left), reviewing a navigational chart with Comdr. W.G.F. Bird of the British Royal Navy at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, England, 1948. © Eddie Worth/AP Images

On February 28, 1947, Philip became a British subject, renouncing his right to the Greek and Danish thrones and taking his mother’s surname, Mountbatten. (His father’s family name had been Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg.) His marriage to his distant cousin Princess Elizabeth took place in Westminster Abbey on November 20, 1947. On the eve of his wedding, he was designated a royal highness and was created a Knight of the Garter, Baron Greenwich, Earl of Merioneth, and Duke of Edinburgh. The couple’s first child, Charles Philip Arthur George, was born in 1948. He was joined by Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise (born 1950), Andrew Albert Christian Edward (born 1960), and Edward Anthony Richard Louis (born 1964).

Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip traveling in an open carriage, 2015. © Lorna Roberts/Dreamstime.com

His presence at Elizabeth’s coronation on June 2, 1953, marked a rare event in English history: the presence of the husband of a queen regnant at a coronation had not occurred since Prince George of Denmark attended the coronation of Queen Anne in 1702. Philip attended an average of 350 official engagements a year on behalf of the royal household. In 1957 she conferred on him the dignity of prince of the United Kingdom, and in 1960 his surname was legally combined with the name of her family—as Mountbatten-Windsor—as a surname for lesser branches of the royal family.

1982 Commonwealth Games – Brisbane, Australia: Peter Warren (Bantamweight), William Meehan (Featherweight), Michael Sykes (Lightweight), Steven Renwick (Welterweight), Kevin Barry Jr (Light Heavyweight). © Annastacia Palaszczuk

While much of his time was spent fulfilling the duties of his station, Philip engaged in a variety of philanthropic endeavours. He served as president of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) from 1981 to 1996, and his International Award program allowed more than six million young adults to engage in community service, leadership development, and physical fitness activities. In 2011, to mark his 90th birthday, Elizabeth conferred on him the title and office of lord high admiral, the titular head of the Royal Navy. In May 2017 it was announced that Philip—who was one of the busiest royals, with more than 22,000 solo appearances over the years—would stop carrying out public engagements in August.

Prince Philip and Queen Elizabeth II spending their beautiful evening at the wood

Bibliography:

Royal Wedding, Mary Christopher; Bantam, 1982